{"id":483,"date":"2025-04-15T13:55:11","date_gmt":"2025-04-15T05:55:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zackzzp.top\/?p=483"},"modified":"2025-04-23T17:14:33","modified_gmt":"2025-04-23T09:14:33","slug":"%e6%9a%91%e6%9c%9f%e5%ae%9e%e4%b9%a0%e9%9d%a2%e7%bb%8f%e6%80%bb%e7%bb%93","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.zackzzp.top\/index.php\/2025\/04\/15\/%e6%9a%91%e6%9c%9f%e5%ae%9e%e4%b9%a0%e9%9d%a2%e7%bb%8f%e6%80%bb%e7%bb%93\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6691\u671f\u5b9e\u4e60\u9762\u7ecf\u603b\u7ed3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u817e\u8baf\u6691\u671f\u4e00\u9762\u51c9\u7ecf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">tcp\u6162\u542f\u52a8\u9608\u503c\u786e\u5b9a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u5e94\u8be5\u7531\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6839\u636eRFC\u5efa\u8bae\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u65e0\u9650\u5927\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9996\u6b21\u4e22\u5305<br>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982linux\uff0c\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e8610xMss\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u9875\u4e2d\u65ad\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u6280\u672f\u8054\u7cfb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9875\uff0c\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u7f3a\u9875\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9875\u62c9\u5165\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4f1a\u6d89\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u9875\u9762\u7f6e\u6362\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0cLRU\uff0cLFU\uff0cClock\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u5b9aJVM\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u542f\u52a8\u53c2\u6570<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5806\u5185\u5b58<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Xms\u521d\u59cb\u5806\u5185\u5b58 Xmx\u6700\u5927\u5806\u5185\u5b58<br>\u6700\u597d\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u5b5850%-70%<br>\u9884\u7559\u7ed9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6808\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u533a\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5185\u5b58<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u65b0\u751f\u4ee3\u8001\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f1\uff1a2<br>\u5bf9\u4e8eweb\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u77ed\u5468\u671f\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u65b0\u751f\u4ee3\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5927\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a1\uff1a1<br>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f13\u5b58\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u957f\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u589e\u5927\u8001\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u6bd4\u5217\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u4e3a1\uff1a3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u5668\u7684\u9009\u62e9<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>\u200bGC\u7b97\u6cd5\u200b<\/strong>\u200b<\/th><th>\u200b<strong>\u200b\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u200b<\/strong>\u200b<\/th><th>\u200b<strong>\u200b\u5173\u952e\u53c2\u6570\u200b<\/strong>\u200b<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u200bG1 GC\u200b<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>\u901a\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff08\u5e73\u8861\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u548c\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff09<\/td><td><code>-XX:+UseG1GC -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=200 -XX:ParallelGCThreads=4<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u200bZGC\/Shenandoah\u200b<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>\u8d85\u5927\u5806\u5185\u5b58\uff08&gt;32G\uff09\u3001\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u9700\u6c42<\/td><td><code>-XX:+UseZGC -Xmx16g<\/code>&nbsp;\u6216&nbsp;<code>-XX:+UseShenandoahGC<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u200bParallel GC\u200b<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u91cf\uff08\u6279\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\uff09<\/td><td><code>-XX:+UseParallelGC -XX:ParallelGCThreads=8 -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=500<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u200bCMS\u200b<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>\u8001\u5e74\u4ee3\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff08\u5df2\u9010\u6b65\u88abG1\u66ff\u4ee3\uff09<\/td><td><code>-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=75<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10\u4ebf\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u627etop1000\uff08topk\u95ee\u9898\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/\/\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u6700\u5c0f\u5806\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0cjava\u4e2d\u6709\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u961f\u5217\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\npublic class Top1000 {\n    \/\/\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u961f\u5217\n    public static List&lt;Integer&gt; top1000(List&lt;Integer&gt; list) {\n\n        PriorityQueue&lt;Integer&gt; queue = new PriorityQueue&lt;&gt;((a,b)-&gt;list.get(b)-list.get(a));\n        for (int i = 0; i &lt; list.size(); i++) {\n            if (queue.size()&lt;1000){\n                queue.add(i);\n            }else if (list.get(i)&gt;list.get(queue.peek())){\n                queue.remove();\n                queue.add(i);\n            }\n        }\n        List&lt;Integer&gt; result= new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\n        while (!queue.isEmpty()){\n            result.add(queue.poll());\n        }\n        return result;\n    }\n\n\n}\n\n\n\/\/\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u6784\u5efa\u6700\u5c0f\u5806\npublic class MinHeap {\n    private int&#91;] heap;\n    private int size;\n    private final int capacity;\n\n    public MinHeap(int capacity) {\n        this.capacity = capacity;\n        this.heap = new int&#91;capacity];\n        this.size = 0;\n    }\n\n    public void add(int num) {\n        if (size &lt; capacity) {\n            \/\/ \u5806\u672a\u6ee1\u65f6\u63d2\u5165\u672b\u5c3e\u5e76\u4e0a\u6d6e\n            heap&#91;size] = num;\n            siftUp(size);\n            size++;\n        } else if (num &gt; heap&#91;0]) {\n            \/\/ \u66ff\u6362\u5806\u9876\u5e76\u4e0b\u6c89\n            heap&#91;0] = num;\n            siftDown(0);\n        }\n    }\n\n    private void siftUp(int index) {\n        while (index &gt; 0) {\n            int parent = (index - 1) \/ 2;\n            if (heap&#91;index] &gt;= heap&#91;parent]) break;\n            swap(index, parent);\n            index = parent;\n        }\n    }\n\n    private void siftDown(int index) {\n        int smallest = index;\n        int left = 2 * index + 1;\n        int right = 2 * index + 2;\n\n        if (left &lt; size &amp;&amp; heap&#91;left] &lt; heap&#91;smallest]) {\n            smallest = left;\n        }\n        if (right &lt; size &amp;&amp; heap&#91;right] &lt; heap&#91;smallest]) {\n            smallest = right;\n        }\n\n        if (smallest != index) {\n            swap(index, smallest);\n            siftDown(smallest);\n        }\n    }\n\n    private void swap(int i, int j) {\n        int temp = heap&#91;i];\n        heap&#91;i] = heap&#91;j];\n        heap&#91;j] = temp;\n    }\n\n    public List&lt;Integer&gt; getSortedResult() {\n        \/\/ \u5c06\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u5e76\u9006\u5e8f\u8f93\u51fa\n        int&#91;] copy = Arrays.copyOf(heap, size);\n        Arrays.sort(copy);\n        List&lt;Integer&gt; result = new ArrayList&lt;&gt;();\n        for (int i = copy.length - 1; i &gt;= 0; i--) {\n            result.add(copy&#91;i]);\n        }\n        return result;\n    }\n\n    public static void main(String&#91;] args) {\n        int&#91;] nums = new int&#91;1_000_000_000]; \/\/ \u5047\u8bbe\u5df2\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u636e\n\n        MinHeap minHeap = new MinHeap(1000);\n        for (int num : nums) {\n            minHeap.add(num);\n        }\n\n        List&lt;Integer&gt; top1000 = minHeap.getSortedResult();\n        System.out.println(\"Top 1000 numbers: \" + top1000);\n    }\n    \n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5feb\u6392\u548c\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u200b<strong>\u200b\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u200b<\/strong>\u200b<\/th><th>\u200b<strong>\u200b\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u200b<\/strong>\u200b<\/th><th>\u200b<strong>\u200b\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u200b<\/strong>\u200b<\/th><th>\u200b<strong>\u200b\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u200b<\/strong>\u200b<\/th><th>\u200b<strong>\u200b\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u200b<\/strong>\u200b<\/th><th>\u200b<strong>\u200b\u662f\u5426\u7a33\u5b9a\u200b<\/strong>\u200b<\/th><th>\u200b<strong>\u200b\u662f\u5426\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\u200b<\/strong>\u200b<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u200b\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u200b<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>O(n)<\/td><td>O(n\u00b2)<\/td><td>O(n\u00b2)<\/td><td>O(1)<\/td><td>\u662f<\/td><td>\u662f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u200b\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u200b<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>O(n\u00b2)<\/td><td>O(n\u00b2)<\/td><td>O(n\u00b2)<\/td><td>O(1)<\/td><td>\u5426<\/td><td>\u662f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u200b\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u200b<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>O(n)<\/td><td>O(n\u00b2)<\/td><td>O(n\u00b2)<\/td><td>O(1)<\/td><td>\u662f<\/td><td>\u662f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u200b\u5e0c\u5c14\u6392\u5e8f\u200b<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>O(n log n)<\/td><td>O(n log\u00b2 n)<\/td><td>O(n\u00b2)<\/td><td>O(1)<\/td><td>\u5426<\/td><td>\u662f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u200b\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u200b<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>O(n log n)<\/td><td>O(n log n)<\/td><td>O(n\u00b2)<\/td><td>O(log n)~O(n)<\/td><td>\u5426<\/td><td>\u662f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u200b\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u200b<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>O(n log n)<\/td><td>O(n log n)<\/td><td>O(n log n)<\/td><td>O(n)<\/td><td>\u662f<\/td><td>\u5426<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u200b\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u200b<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>O(n log n)<\/td><td>O(n log n)<\/td><td>O(n log n)<\/td><td>O(1)<\/td><td>\u5426<\/td><td>\u662f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u200b\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u200b<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>O(n + k)<\/td><td>O(n + k)<\/td><td>O(n + k)<\/td><td>O(n + k)<\/td><td>\u662f<\/td><td>\u5426<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u200b\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u200b<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>O(n + k)<\/td><td>O(n + k)<\/td><td>O(n\u00b2)<\/td><td>O(n + k)<\/td><td>\u662f<\/td><td>\u5426<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u200b\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u200b<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>O(n \u00d7 k)<\/td><td>O(n \u00d7 k)<\/td><td>O(n \u00d7 k)<\/td><td>O(n + k)<\/td><td>\u662f<\/td><td>\u5426<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/\/\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\n\u786e\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u51c6\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u53cc\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u786e\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5206\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\npublic class QuickSort {\n    public void quickSort(int &#91;]nums,int start,int end){\n        if (start&lt;end){\n            int base=nums&#91;start];\n            int left=start;\n            int right=end;\n\n            while (left&lt;right){\n                while (left&lt;right&amp;&amp;nums&#91;right]&gt;=base){\n                    right--;\n                }\n                nums&#91;left]=nums&#91;right];\n                while (left&lt;right&amp;&amp;nums&#91;left]&lt;=base){\n                    left++;\n                }\n                nums&#91;right]=nums&#91;left];\n            }\n            nums&#91;left]=base;\n            quickSort(nums,start,left-1);\n            quickSort(nums,left+1,end);\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n\/\/\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\n\u5148\u5206\uff0c\u518d\u5e76\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u6b65\u9aa4\u5728\u5408\u5e76\u8fd9\u91cc\npublic class MergeSort {\n\n\n    public static void mergeSort(int&#91;] arr) {\n        if (arr == null || arr.length &lt;= 1) return;\n        int&#91;] temp = new int&#91;arr.length]; \/\/ \u9884\u5206\u914d\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\n        sort(arr, 0, arr.length - 1, temp);\n    }\n\n\n   private static void sort(int&#91;] arr, int left, int right, int&#91;] temp) {\n        if (left&gt;=right)\n            return;\n        int mid=left+(right-left)\/2;\n        sort(arr,left,mid,temp);\n        sort(arr,mid+1,right,temp);\n        merge( left,mid,right,temp,arr);\n    }\n\n    private static void merge(int left, int mid, int right, int&#91;] temp,int&#91;] arr) {\n        int l=left;\n        int r=mid+1;\n        int t=0;\n        while (l&lt;=mid&amp;&amp;r&lt;=right){\n            if (arr&#91;l]&lt;=arr&#91;r])\n                temp&#91;t++]=arr&#91;l++];\n            else\n                temp&#91;t++]=arr&#91;r++];\n        }\n\n        while (l&lt;=mid){\n            temp&#91;t++]=arr&#91;l++];\n        }\n        while (r&lt;=right){\n            temp&#91;t++]=arr&#91;r++];\n        }\n\n        t=0;\n        while (t&lt;=right)\n            arr&#91;left++]=temp&#91;t++];\n    }\n\n    \/\/ \u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\n    public static void main(String&#91;] args) {\n        int&#91;] arr = {12, 11, 13, 5, 6, 7};\n        System.out.println(\"\u6392\u5e8f\u524d: \" + Arrays.toString(arr));\n\n        mergeSort(arr);\n\n        System.out.println(\"\u6392\u5e8f\u540e: \" + Arrays.toString(arr));\n        \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa: \u6392\u5e8f\u540e: &#91;5, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13]\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/strong><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u200b<strong>\u200b\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7b49\u7ea7\u200b<\/strong>\u200b<\/th><th>\u200b<strong>\u200b\u5178\u578b\u573a\u666f\u200b<\/strong>\u200b<\/th><th>\u200b<strong>\u200b\u793a\u4f8b\u7b97\u6cd5\u200b<\/strong>\u200b<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u200bO(1)\u200b<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>\u4ec5\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u53d8\u91cf<\/td><td>\u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u6570\u3001\u6570\u7ec4\u904d\u5386<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u200bO(n)\u200b<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u89c4\u6a21\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/td><td>\u6570\u7ec4\u62f7\u8d1d\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5b58n\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u200bO(n\u00b2)\u200b<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u5982\u77e9\u9635\u3001DP\u8868\uff09<\/td><td>\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u200b<strong>\u200bO(log n)\u200b<\/strong>\u200b<\/td><td>\u9012\u5f52\u5206\u6cbb\uff08\u6bcf\u6b21\u95ee\u9898\u89c4\u6a21\u51cf\u534a\uff09<\/td><td>\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u770b\u4ed6\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6<br><br><strong>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/strong><br>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5217\u8868\u8ba1\u7b97<br><br>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52<br>\u5f62\u5982T(N) = a* T(N\/b)+ O(N^d)(\u5176\u4e2da\u3001b\u3001d\u90fd\u662f\u5e38\u6570)\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7Master\u516c\u5f0f\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5176\u4e2d<strong>a\u662f\u9012\u5f52\u8def\u6570\uff0cb\u662f\u9012\u5f52\u95ee\u9898\u89c4\u6a21(\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u6bcf\u6b21\u628a\u6574\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u89c4\u6a21\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u89c4\u6a21)\uff0cO(N^d)\u662f\u9664\u9012\u5f52\u64cd\u4f5c\u5916\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/strong><br>\u5982\u679c<br>1.log(b,a)&lt;d,\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3aO\uff08N^d\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.log(b,a)&gt;d,\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3aO(N^log(b,a))<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3.log(b,a)=d,\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3aO(N^d*logn)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5feb\u91cd\u4f20\u548c\u5feb\u6062\u590d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u5feb\u91cd\u4f20\uff08Fast Retransmit\uff09\u4e0e\u5feb\u6062\u590d\uff08Fast Recovery\uff09\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5feb\u91cd\u4f20\u548c\u5feb\u6062\u590d\u662f <strong>TCP Reno<\/strong> \u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u89e3\u51b3\u7f51\u7edc\u62e5\u585e\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u51cf\u5c11\u4e22\u5305\u6062\u590d\u65f6\u95f4\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u7f51\u7edc\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u6790\u53ca\u5176\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. \u5feb\u91cd\u4f20\uff08Fast Retransmit\uff09<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u89e6\u53d1\u6761\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u8fde\u7eed\u6536\u5230 <strong>3\u4e2a\u91cd\u590dACK<\/strong>\uff08Dup-ACK\uff09\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u67d0\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5df2\u4e22\u5931\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u7eed\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4ecd\u80fd\u5230\u8fbe\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7acb\u5373\u91cd\u4f20<\/strong>\uff1a\u68c0\u6d4b\u52303\u4e2aDup-ACK\u540e\uff0c<strong>\u65e0\u9700\u7b49\u5f85\u8d85\u65f6<\/strong>\uff08RTO\uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u91cd\u4f20\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u907f\u514d\u8d85\u65f6\u7b49\u5f85<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f20\u7edfTCP Tahoe\u5728\u4e22\u5305\u65f6\u9700\u7b49\u5f85\u8d85\u65f6\u89e6\u53d1\u91cd\u4f20\uff0c\u800c\u5feb\u91cd\u4f20\u663e\u8457\u964d\u4f4e\u6062\u590d\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u793a\u4f8b\u573a\u666f<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff1a1, 2, 3, 4, 5  \n\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u6536\u5230\uff1a1, 3, 4, 5 \u2192 \u8fde\u7eed\u8fd4\u56deACK=2\uff083\u6b21\uff09  \n\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u7acb\u5373\u91cd\u4f20\u6570\u636e\u53052\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \u5feb\u6062\u590d\uff08Fast Recovery\uff09<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u76ee\u6807<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728\u91cd\u4f20\u4e22\u5931\u5305\u540e\uff0c<strong>\u907f\u514d\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\uff08cwnd\uff09\u91cd\u7f6e\u4e3a1<\/strong>\uff08\u4f20\u7edf\u6162\u542f\u52a8\u7b56\u7565\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5e73\u6ed1\u6062\u590d\u53d1\u9001\u901f\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u8c03\u6574\u7a97\u53e3<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u2022 <code>ssthresh = max(cwnd \/ 2, 2 * MSS)<\/code><br>\u2022 <code>cwnd = ssthresh + 3 * MSS<\/code> \uff08\u8865\u507f\u5df2\u786e\u8ba4\u76843\u4e2aDup-ACK\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7ebf\u6027\u589e\u957f<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u2022 \u540e\u7eed\u6bcf\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2aDup-ACK\uff0c<code>cwnd += 1 MSS<\/code>\uff08\u5141\u8bb8\u53d1\u9001\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u7ba1\u9053\u67af\u7aed\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9000\u51fa\u6761\u4ef6<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u2022 \u6536\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u7684ACK\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06<code>cwnd<\/code>\u8bbe\u4e3a<code>ssthresh<\/code>\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165<strong>\u62e5\u585e\u907f\u514d\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong>\uff08\u7ebf\u6027\u589e\u957f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u4f18\u52bf<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u907f\u514d\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u9aa4\u964d<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f20\u7edfTCP Tahoe\u5728\u4e22\u5305\u540e\u91cd\u7f6e<code>cwnd=1<\/code>\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u65ad\u5d16\u5f0f\u4e0b\u8dcc\uff1b\u5feb\u6062\u590d\u901a\u8fc7\u4fdd\u6301\u8f83\u9ad8<code>cwnd<\/code>\uff0c\u7ef4\u6301\u7f51\u7edc\u5229\u7528\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. \u5feb\u91cd\u4f20\u4e0e\u5feb\u6062\u590d\u7684\u534f\u540c\u6d41\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e] \u2192 &#91;\u6536\u52303\u4e2aDup-ACK] \u2192 \u89e6\u53d1\u5feb\u91cd\u4f20 \u2192 \u8fdb\u5165\u5feb\u6062\u590d\u9636\u6bb5 \u2192 \u8c03\u6574cwnd\/ssthresh \u2192 \u7ebf\u6027\u589e\u957f\u76f4\u81f3\u65b0ACK\u5230\u8fbe \u2192 \u9000\u51fa\u5feb\u6062\u590d<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. \u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7b56\u7565\uff08TCP Tahoe\uff09\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>\u673a\u5236<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>TCP Tahoe<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>TCP Reno\uff08\u5feb\u91cd\u4f20+\u5feb\u6062\u590d\uff09<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u4e22\u5305\u54cd\u5e94<\/strong><\/td><td>\u4ec5\u4f9d\u8d56\u8d85\u65f6\u91cd\u4f20<\/td><td>\u5feb\u91cd\u4f20\u89e6\u53d1\u5feb\u901f\u91cd\u4f20<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u7a97\u53e3\u8c03\u6574<\/strong><\/td><td>\u8d85\u65f6\u540e<code>cwnd=1<\/code>\uff0c\u91cd\u542f\u6162\u542f\u52a8<\/td><td>\u5feb\u6062\u590d\u4fdd\u6301<code>cwnd<\/code>\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u62e5\u585e\u907f\u514d<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u5f71\u54cd<\/strong><\/td><td>\u9ad8\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u4f4e\u6062\u590d\u6548\u7387<\/td><td>\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u4fdd\u6301<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5. \u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u91cd\u590dACK\u9608\u503c<\/strong>\uff1aLinux\u5185\u6838\u5141\u8bb8\u901a\u8fc7\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u6574\u89e6\u53d1\u5feb\u91cd\u4f20\u7684Dup-ACK\u6b21\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba43\u6b21\uff0c<code>sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_reordering<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u90e8\u5206\u786e\u8ba4\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u82e5\u5728\u5feb\u6062\u590d\u671f\u95f4\u6536\u5230\u90e8\u5206\u65b0ACK\uff08\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u6062\u590d\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u89e6\u53d1\u591a\u6b21\u5feb\u91cd\u4f20\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7ed3\u5408<\/strong>\uff1aCUBIC\u7b49\u7b97\u6cd5\u4fdd\u7559\u5feb\u91cd\u4f20\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\u589e\u957f\u7b56\u7565\uff08\u5982\u4e09\u6b21\u51fd\u6570\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>6. \u5178\u578b\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u8c03\u4f18<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u8fc7\u65e9\u9000\u51fa\u5feb\u6062\u590d<\/strong>\uff1a\u82e5\u7f51\u7edc\u4ecd\u62e5\u585e\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u53cd\u590d\u89e6\u53d1\u5feb\u91cd\u4f20\uff0c\u9700\u7ed3\u5408RTT\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u9608\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4e71\u5e8f\u4e0e\u4e22\u5305\u533a\u5206<\/strong>\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e71\u5e8f\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4Dup-ACK\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u9009\u9879\uff08<code>TCP Timestamps<\/code>\uff09\u4f18\u5316\u5224\u65ad\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5feb\u91cd\u4f20\u901a\u8fc7<strong>3\u4e2aDup-ACK<\/strong>\u89e6\u53d1\u5feb\u901f\u91cd\u4f20\uff0c\u5feb\u6062\u590d\u901a\u8fc7<strong>\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574cwnd<\/strong>\u907f\u514d\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u66b4\u8dcc\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u534f\u540c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u9ad8\u6548\u4e22\u5305\u6062\u590d\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u8d44\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u3002\u6b64\u673a\u5236\u662fTCP Reno\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u7ed3\u5408\u5177\u4f53\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u5982Linux\u5185\u6838\u914d\u7f6e\uff09\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7279\u6027\uff08\u5982RTT\u3001\u4e71\u5e8f\u7387\uff09\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8c03\u4f18\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mysql InnoDB\u5f15\u64ce\u7684\u52a0\u9501\u539f\u5219<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u52a0\u9501\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u90bb\u952e\u9501next-keylock<br>\u67e5\u627e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u624d\u4f1a\u52a0\u9501<br>\u552f\u4e00\u7d22\u5f15\u7b49\u503c\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u90bb\u952e\u9501\u4f1a\u9000\u5316\u6210\u8bb0\u5f55\u9501<br>\u552f\u4e00\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u975e\u552f\u4e00\u7d22\u5f15\u5728\u7b49\u503c\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0a\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u7d22\u5f15\u5728\u904d\u5386\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u67e5\u8be2\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u503c\u65f6\u5c31\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u5f80\u540e\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u800c\u666e\u901a\u7d22\u5f15\u5c31\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5f80\u540e\u904d\u5386\u8bb0\u5f55\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u67e5\u8be2\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53f3\u8fb9\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5b57\u8282\u56fd\u9645\u7535\u5546\u4e0e\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u4e00\u9762<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u9501\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u533a\uff08Network Partition\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u540c\u65f6\u6301\u6709\u540c\u4e00\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u9501\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7834\u574f\u4e92\u65a5\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8111\u88c2\u201d\uff08Split-Brain\uff09\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u53ca\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u4e00\u3001\u95ee\u9898\u80cc\u666f<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u573a\u666f\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784<\/strong>\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u9501\u670d\u52a1\u75313\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff08Node A\u3001B\u3001C\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9700\u8981\u591a\u6570\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u22652\uff09\u786e\u8ba4\u624d\u80fd\u83b7\u53d6\u9501\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u533a\u53d1\u751f<\/strong>\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u6545\u969c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8282\u70b9\u88ab\u5206\u5272\u4e3a\u4e24\u7ec4\uff1a<br>\u2022 <strong>\u5b50\u7f51\u7edc1<\/strong>\uff1aNode A + \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef1\u3002<br>\u2022 <strong>\u5b50\u7f51\u7edc2<\/strong>\uff1aNode B\u3001C + \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef2\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9501\u7ade\u4e89<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u2022 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef1\u5728\u5b50\u7f51\u7edc1\u4e2d\u6210\u529f\u83b7\u53d6\u9501\uff08Node A\u786e\u8ba4\uff09\u3002<br>\u2022 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef2\u5728\u5b50\u7f51\u7edc2\u4e2d\u6210\u529f\u83b7\u53d6\u540c\u4e00\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u9501\uff08Node B\u3001C\u786e\u8ba4\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u540c\u65f6\u6301\u6709\u9501\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5206\u533a\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u9694\u79bb<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b50\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u95f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u540c\u6b65\u9501\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u72ec\u7acb\u51b3\u7b56\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9501\u8d85\u65f6\u673a\u5236\u5931\u6548<\/strong>\uff1a\u82e5\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u65e0\u6cd5\u7eed\u671f\u9501\uff0c\u4f46\u5206\u533a\u6062\u590d\u524d\u5176\u4ed6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bef\u5224\u9501\u5df2\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u591a\u6570\u6d3e\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027<\/strong>\uff1aRedLock\u7b49\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f9d\u8d56\u591a\u6570\u8282\u70b9\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4f46\u5206\u533a\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u591a\u6570\u6d3e\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u4e09\u3001\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. \u591a\u6570\u6d3e\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u5982RedLock\uff09<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u539f\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9700\u5728\u591a\u6570\u8282\u70b9\uff08N\/2+1\uff09\u4e0a\u6210\u529f\u83b7\u53d6\u9501\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5206\u533a\u540e\u4ec5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u7edc\u6ee1\u8db3\u591a\u6570\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a5\u8282\u70b9\u96c6\u7fa4\uff0c\u5206\u533a\u4e3a3+2\uff1a<br>\u2022 \u53ea\u6709\u5305\u542b3\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u7edc\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u591a\u6570\u6d3e\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u83b7\u53d6\u9501\u3002<br>\u2022 \u53e6\u4e00\u5b50\u7f51\u7edc\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u591a\u6570\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u52a0\u9501\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7f3a\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u2022 \u5206\u533a\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\uff08\u59825\u8282\u70b9\u52063+2\u65f6\uff0c3\u8282\u70b9\u5b50\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f462\u8282\u70b9\u5b50\u7f51\u7edc\u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u65b0\u8bf7\u6c42\uff09\u3002<br>\u2022 \u65f6\u949f\u6f02\u79fb\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u9501\u63d0\u524d\u91ca\u653e\uff08\u9700\u914d\u5408NTP\u540c\u6b65\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \u79df\u7ea6\u673a\u5236\uff08\u5982etcd\/ZooKeeper\uff09<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u539f\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u9501\u7ed1\u5b9a\u79df\u7ea6\uff08Lease\uff09\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9700\u5b9a\u671f\u7eed\u671f\uff08KeepAlive\uff09\u3002\u82e5\u7eed\u671f\u5931\u8d25\uff08\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u533a\uff09\uff0c\u79df\u7ea6\u5230\u671f\u540e\u9501\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6d41\u7a0b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef1\u83b7\u53d6\u9501\u5e76\u7ed1\u5b9a\u79df\u7ea6\uff0830\u79d2\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf10\u79d2\u7eed\u671f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u533a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7eed\u671f\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u79df\u7ea6\u5230\u671f\u540e\u9501\u81ea\u52a8\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef2\u5728\u5206\u533a\u6062\u590d\u540e\u83b7\u53d6\u9501\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4f18\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a\u907f\u514d\u5206\u533a\u671f\u95f4\u9501\u957f\u671f\u88ab\u5360\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7f3a\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e1a\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u5c0f\u4e8e\u79df\u7ea6\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u9501\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u63d0\u524d\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. \u5171\u8bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u5982Raft\/Paxos\uff09<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u539f\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u591a\u6570\u8282\u70b9\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5206\u533a\u540e\u4ec5\u591a\u6570\u6d3e\u5b50\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1aetcd\u57fa\u4e8eRaft\u534f\u8bae\uff1a<br>\u2022 \u5199\u8bf7\u6c42\u9700\u591a\u6570\u8282\u70b9\u786e\u8ba4\u3002<br>\u2022 \u5206\u533a\u540e\uff0c\u4ec5\u591a\u6570\u6d3e\u5b50\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u9009\u4e3e\u65b0Leader\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u5199\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<br>\u2022 \u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\u5b50\u7f51\u7edc\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u4ea4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u53ea\u8bfb\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4f18\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f3a\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7f3a\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9ad8\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5bb9\u9519\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5e42\u7b49\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u9700\u652f\u6301\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u9501\u5931\u6548\u540e\u91cd\u590d\u64cd\u4f5c\u5bfc\u81f4\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9501\u6301\u6709\u8005\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/strong>\uff1a\u64cd\u4f5c\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u524d\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u68c0\u67e5\u9501\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  if (lock.isHeldByCurrentThread()) {\n      \/\/ \u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\n  }<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5. \u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u8d85\u65f6<\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u5386\u53f2\u4e1a\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u95f4\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u9501\u8d85\u65f6\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u9501\u63d0\u524d\u91ca\u653e\u6982\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u76d1\u63a7\u544a\u8b66<\/strong>\uff1a\u68c0\u6d4b\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u533a\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u4eba\u5de5\u4ecb\u5165\u6216\u81ea\u52a8\u4fee\u590d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u56db\u3001\u65b9\u6848\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>\u65b9\u6848<\/strong><\/th><th>\u4e00\u81f4\u6027<\/th><th>\u53ef\u7528\u6027<\/th><th>\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/th><th>\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u591a\u6570\u6d3e\u534f\u8bae<\/strong><\/td><td>\u5f31<\/td><td>\u4e2d<\/td><td>\u4f4e<\/td><td>\u5141\u8bb8\u5076\u53d1\u9501\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u573a\u666f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u79df\u7ea6\u673a\u5236<\/strong><\/td><td>\u5f3a<\/td><td>\u9ad8<\/td><td>\u4e2d<\/td><td>\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u5f3a\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u573a\u666f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u5171\u8bc6\u7b97\u6cd5<\/strong><\/td><td>\u5f3a<\/td><td>\u4f4e<\/td><td>\u9ad8<\/td><td>\u91d1\u878d\u3001\u4ea4\u6613\u7b49\u5f3a\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u573a\u666f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5bb9\u9519<\/strong><\/td><td>\u65e0<\/td><td>\u9ad8<\/td><td>\u4f4e<\/td><td>\u6240\u6709\u573a\u666f\uff08\u5fc5\u5907\uff09<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u533a\u5bfc\u81f4\u591a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6301\u9501\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u9700\u901a\u8fc7\u534f\u8bae\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u79df\u7ea6\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5bb9\u9519\u7b49\u591a\u5c42\u673a\u5236\u89e3\u51b3\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u534f\u8bae\u5c42\u9762<\/strong>\uff1a\u91c7\u7528\u591a\u6570\u6d3e\u6216\u5171\u8bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u5206\u533a\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u9501\u5206\u914d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u79df\u7ea6\u5c42\u9762<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5fc3\u8df3\u7eed\u671f\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u9501\u957f\u671f\u6ede\u7559\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5c42\u9762<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e42\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u9501\u72b6\u6001\u4e8c\u6b21\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u9009\u578b\u9700\u6743\u8861\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u4e1a\u52a1\u573a\u666f\u5b9a\u5236\u65b9\u6848\uff08\u5982\u7535\u5546\u79d2\u6740\u7528RedLock+\u5e42\u7b49\uff0c\u91d1\u878d\u4ea4\u6613\u7528etcd+Raft\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">http\u548chttps\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u9762\u8bd5\u4e2d\u56de\u7b54HTTP\u4e0eHTTPS\u7684\u533a\u522b\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u903b\u8f91\u8fdb\u884c\u7b80\u660e\u627c\u8981\u7684\u9610\u8ff0\uff0c\u7a81\u51fa\u6280\u672f\u8981\u70b9\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u573a\u666f\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. \u6838\u5fc3\u533a\u522b<\/strong><br>\u201cHTTP\u662f\u660e\u6587\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u8d85\u6587\u672c\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u800cHTTPS\u662fHTTP\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u5bf9\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3HTTP\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u5b89\u5168\u9690\u60a3\uff1a\u7a83\u542c\u3001\u7be1\u6539\u548c\u4f2a\u88c5\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. \u5206\u70b9\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff08\u6280\u672f\u7ec6\u8282\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u52a0\u5bc6\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/strong><br>HTTP\u7684\u6570\u636e\u672a\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u4f20\u8f93\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u7a83\u542c\u6216\u7be1\u6539\uff1bHTTPS\u901a\u8fc7SSL\/TLS\u52a0\u5bc6\uff08\u5982AES\u3001RSA\u7b49\u7b97\u6cd5\uff09\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027\u548c\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u6821\u9a8c\uff09\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0e\u534f\u8bae\u5c42\u6b21<\/strong><br>HTTP\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u752880\u7aef\u53e3\uff0cHTTPS\u9ed8\u8ba4443\u7aef\u53e3\u3002SSL\/TLS\u4ecb\u4e8e\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\uff08\u5982TCP\uff09\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\uff08HTTP\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4e3aHTTP\u63d0\u4f9b\u52a0\u5bc6\u901a\u9053\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e0e\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1<\/strong><br>HTTPS\u9700\u7531\u6743\u5a01CA\uff08\u5982Let&#8217;s Encrypt\uff09\u7b7e\u53d1\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u9493\u9c7c\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4f1a\u5c55\u793a\u8bc1\u4e66\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u5982\u5c0f\u9501\u56fe\u6807\uff09\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6027\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd<\/strong><br>HTTPS\u56e0\u52a0\u5bc6\/\u89e3\u5bc6\u548c\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08\u5982TLS\u56db\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff09\u4f1a\u7565\u589e\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u8fc7\u786c\u4ef6\u52a0\u901f\uff08\u5982SSL\u4e13\u7528\u82af\u7247\uff09\u3001\u4f1a\u8bdd\u590d\u7528\u548cHTTP\/2\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u5dee\u8ddd\u5df2\u4e0d\u660e\u663e\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f51\u7ad9\u666e\u904d\u91c7\u7528HTTPS\uff0c\u727a\u7272\u5c11\u91cf\u6027\u80fd\u6362\u53d6\u5b89\u5168\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SEO\u4e0e\u5408\u89c4\u6027<\/strong><br>\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\uff08\u5982Google\uff09\u4f18\u5148\u7d22\u5f15HTTPS\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u4e14\u73b0\u4ee3\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5bf9HTTP\u9875\u9762\u6807\u8bb0\u201c\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u3002GDPR\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u6cd5\u89c4\u4e5f\u8981\u6c42\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u5bc6\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. \u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\uff08\u5347\u534e\u56de\u7b54\uff09<\/strong><br>\u201cHTTPS\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u6280\u672f\u5347\u7ea7\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u7f51\u7edc\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5b83\u9632\u6b62\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u3001\u652f\u4ed8\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u6cc4\u9732\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u54c1\u724c\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0cLet&#8217;s Encrypt\u7b49\u514d\u8d39\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caHTTP\/3\u5bf9HTTPS\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u96c6\u6210\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5168\u7ad9HTTPS\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u884c\u4e1a\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u56de\u7b54\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u201cHTTP\u548cHTTPS\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002HTTP\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u662f\u660e\u6587\u7684\uff0c\u6613\u88ab\u7a83\u542c\u6216\u7be1\u6539\uff1b\u800cHTTPS\u901a\u8fc7SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u52a0\u5bc6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u8bc1\u4e66\u9a8c\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u7f51\u94f6\u65f6\uff0cHTTPS\u4f1a\u52a0\u5bc6\u4ea4\u6613\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8bc1\u4e66\u786e\u4fdd\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u9493\u9c7c\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cHTTPS\u4f7f\u7528443\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u4e14\u5bf9SEO\u6709\u6b63\u5411\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u65e9\u671f\u56e0\u52a0\u5bc6\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f71\u54cd\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u4ee3\u4f18\u5316\u624b\u6bb5\uff08\u5982\u4f1a\u8bdd\u590d\u7528\u3001\u786c\u4ef6\u52a0\u901f\uff09\u5df2\u4f7f\u6027\u80fd\u635f\u8017\u53ef\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cHTTPS\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4fdd\u969c\u9690\u79c1\u548c\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u5fc5\u5907\u6280\u672f\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">TLS\u548cSSL<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u9762\u8bd5\u4e2d\u56de\u7b54TLS\u4e0eSSL\u7684\u533a\u522b\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u7ed3\u5408\u534f\u8bae\u6f14\u8fdb\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u8fdb\u884c\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u9610\u8ff0\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u7b80\u660e\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. \u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u7248\u672c\u6f14\u8fdb<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>SSL\uff08Secure Sockets Layer\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u7531Netscape\u4e8e1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u53d1\uff08SSL 2.0\/3.0\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff08\u5982POODLE\u653b\u51fb\uff09\u88ab\u9010\u6b65\u6dd8\u6c70\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>TLS\uff08Transport Layer Security\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a<br>TLS\u662fSSL\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u5347\u7ea7\u7248\uff0c\u7531IETF\u7ef4\u62a4\uff0c\u7248\u672c\u5305\u62ecTLS 1.0\uff081999\uff09\u30011.2\uff082008\uff09\u30011.3\uff082018\uff09\u3002TLS 1.0\u5bf9\u5e94SSL 3.1\uff0c\u4f46<strong>\u4e0d\u5411\u540e\u517c\u5bb9<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \u6838\u5fc3\u533a\u522b<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>\u7ef4\u5ea6<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>SSL\uff083.0\u53ca\u66f4\u65e9\uff09<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>TLS\uff081.2\/1.3\uff09<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/strong><\/td><td>\u274c \u5f31\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08RC4\u3001MD5\uff09\u3001\u65e0\u524d\u5411\u4fdd\u5bc6<\/td><td>\u2705 \u5f3a\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08AES-GCM\u3001ChaCha20\uff09\u3001\u5f3a\u5236\u524d\u5411\u4fdd\u5bc6\uff08ECDHE\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u6027\u80fd<\/strong><\/td><td>\u63e1\u624b\u6162\uff082-RTT\uff09<\/td><td>TLS 1.3\u4f18\u5316\u81f31-RTT\u751a\u81f30-RTT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u6f0f\u6d1e\u4fee\u590d<\/strong><\/td><td>\u6613\u53d7\u653b\u51fb\uff08\u5982POODLE\u3001BEAST\uff09<\/td><td>\u4fee\u590d\u5df2\u77e5\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u7981\u7528\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u5982\u538b\u7f29\u3001\u91cd\u534f\u5546\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u524d\u5411\u4fdd\u5bc6<\/strong><\/td><td>\u4e0d\u652f\u6301<\/td><td>\u2705 \u4f9d\u8d56\u4e34\u65f6\u5bc6\u94a5\uff08\u5982ECDHE\uff09\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bc6\u94a5\u72ec\u7acb<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u884c\u4e1a\u652f\u6301<\/strong><\/td><td>\u5df2\u88ab\u7981\u7528\uff08RFC 7568\uff09<\/td><td>\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6807\u51c6\uff08\u5982HTTP\/2\u3001QUIC\u5f3a\u5236\u8981\u6c42\uff09<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. \u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u70b9<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5f03\u7528SSL<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u6240\u6709\u73b0\u4ee3\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff08Chrome\u3001Firefox\uff09\u5df2\u7981\u7528SSL\uff0c\u4ec5\u652f\u6301TLS 1.2+\u3002PCI DSS\u7b49\u5408\u89c4\u6807\u51c6\u8981\u6c42\u7981\u7528TLS 1.0\/1.1\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u672f\u8bed\u6df7\u6dc6<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u201cSSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u201d\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u7528\u4e8eTLS\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u8bc1\u4e66\u672c\u8eab\uff08X.509\uff09\u517c\u5bb9\u4e24\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u652f\u6301TLS\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e0e\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u2022 \u5de5\u5177\uff1a<code>openssl s_client<\/code>\u6216<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ssllabs.com\/\">SSL Labs\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/a>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c\u3002<br>\u2022 \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\uff08Nginx\uff09\uff1a<br><code>nginx ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3; # \u7981\u7528SSLv3\u3001TLS 1.0\/1.1 ssl_ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384;<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. TLS 1.3\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6027\u6539\u8fdb<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7b80\u5316\u63e1\u624b<\/strong>\uff1a\u5408\u5e76\u6d88\u606f\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c1-RTT\u5b8c\u6210\u63e1\u624b\uff0c0-RTT\u6062\u590d\u4f1a\u8bdd\uff08\u9700\u9632\u91cd\u653e\u653b\u51fb\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7b97\u6cd5\u7cbe\u7b80<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ec5\u4fdd\u7559AEAD\u52a0\u5bc6\uff08\u5982AES-GCM\uff09\u548c\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\uff08\u5982X25519\uff09\uff0c\u5f03\u7528RSA\u5bc6\u94a5\u4ea4\u6362\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5f3a\u5236\u524d\u5411\u4fdd\u5bc6<\/strong>\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u5bc6\u94a5\u4ea4\u6362\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e34\u65f6\u5bc6\u94a5\uff08\u5982ECDHE\uff09\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u675c\u7edd\u5386\u53f2\u5bc6\u94a5\u6cc4\u9732\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5. \u56de\u7b54\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cTLS\u662fSSL\u7684\u7ee7\u4efb\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u533a\u522b\u6709\u4e09\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/strong>\uff1aTLS\u7981\u7528RC4\u3001MD5\u7b49\u5f31\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f3a\u5236\u524d\u5411\u4fdd\u5bc6\uff08\u5982ECDHE\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79c1\u94a5\u6cc4\u9732\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u901a\u4fe1\u4ecd\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6027\u80fd<\/strong>\uff1aTLS 1.3\u5c06\u63e1\u624b\u4ece2-RTT\u4f18\u5316\u52301-RTT\uff0c\u5e76\u652f\u63010-RTT\u5feb\u901f\u6062\u590d\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u884c\u4e1a\u5408\u89c4<\/strong>\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6807\u51c6\uff08\u5982PCI DSS\u3001HTTP\/2\uff09\u8981\u6c42\u4f7f\u7528TLS 1.2+\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u6d41\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5df2\u7981\u7528SSL\u3002<br>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u2018SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u2019\u4e00\u8bcd\u4ecd\u5728\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5b9e\u9645\u670d\u52a1\u4e8eTLS\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4e14\u914d\u7f6e\u9700\u660e\u786e\u7981\u7528SSLv3\u7b49\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7248\u672c\u3002\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u4e00\u3001TLS\u4e0eSSL\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff08\u5e94\u5bf9\u8ffd\u95ee\uff09<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <strong>\u524d\u5411\u4fdd\u5bc6\u7684\u610f\u4e49<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 <strong>\u573a\u666f\u4e3e\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u5047\u8bbe\u67d0\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u79c1\u94a5\u57282024\u5e74\u6cc4\u9732\uff0c\u82e5\u8be5\u94f6\u884c\u4f7f\u7528TLS 1.3+ECDHE\uff1a<br>\u25e6 \u6bcf\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u5bc6\u94a5\u5df2\u9500\u6bc1\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u5bc6\u5386\u53f2\u4ea4\u6613\u6570\u636e\uff08\u59822023\u5e74\u7684\u8f6c\u8d26\u8bb0\u5f55\uff09\u3002<br>\u25e6 \u82e5\u4f7f\u7528\u4f20\u7edfRSA\u5bc6\u94a5\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u7528\u79c1\u94a5\u89e3\u5bc6\u6240\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u9884\u4e3b\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u5168\u9762\u6cc4\u9732\u3002<br>\u2022 <strong>\u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong>\uff1a\u524d\u5411\u4fdd\u5bc6\u662f\u91d1\u878d\u3001\u533b\u7597\u7b49\u654f\u611f\u573a\u666f\u7684\u5408\u89c4\u6027\u8981\u6c42\uff08\u5982GDPR\u3001PCI DSS\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <strong>\u534f\u8bae\u964d\u7ea7\u653b\u51fb\u9632\u5fa1\uff08TLS_FALLBACK_SCSV\uff09<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 <strong>\u653b\u51fb\u539f\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u5f3a\u5236\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4e\u7248\u672c\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u5982SSL 3.0\uff09\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u65e7\u534f\u8bae\u6f0f\u6d1e\u89e3\u5bc6\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<br>\u2022 <strong>\u9632\u5fa1\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u25e6 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5728\u63e1\u624b\u65f6\u53d1\u9001<code>TLS_FALLBACK_SCSV<\/code>\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u964d\u7ea7\u89e6\u53d1\u7684\u91cd\u8fde\u3002<br>\u25e6 \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u6b64\u4fe1\u53f7\u540e\uff0c\u82e5\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u672c\u53ef\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u9ad8\u7248\u672c\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u5982TLS 1.3\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u62d2\u7edd\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<br>\u2022 <strong>\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1aChrome\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5728\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u964d\u7ea7\u653b\u51fb\u65f6\u663e\u793aERR_SSL_VERSION_OR_CIPHER_MISMATCH\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. <strong>HSTS\uff08HTTP Strict Transport Security\uff09<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 <strong>\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7HTTP\u54cd\u5e94\u5934<code>Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains<\/code>\uff0c\u5f3a\u5236\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7HTTPS\uff08TLS\uff09\u8bbf\u95ee\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u9632\u6b62SSL\u5265\u79bb\u653b\u51fb\u3002<br>\u2022 <strong>\u9884\u52a0\u8f7d\uff08HSTS Preload List\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u57df\u540d\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5382\u5546\u7684HSTS\u9884\u52a0\u8f7d\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5982Google\u5217\u8868\uff09\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u5373\u5f3a\u5236HTTPS\u3002<br>\u2022 <strong>\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3b\u6d41\u7f51\u7ad9\uff08\u5982GitHub\u3001PayPal\uff09\u5747\u542f\u7528HSTS\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u4e8c\u3001RSA\u4e0eECDHE\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff08\u7b80\u660e\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff09<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>\u7ef4\u5ea6<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>RSA<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>ECDHE<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u6838\u5fc3\u89d2\u8272<\/strong><\/td><td>\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\/\u7b7e\u540d\u7b97\u6cd5<\/td><td>\u57fa\u4e8e\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u5bc6\u94a5\u4ea4\u6362\u7b97\u6cd5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u524d\u5411\u4fdd\u5bc6<\/strong><\/td><td>\u274c \u4e0d\u652f\u6301\uff08\u82e5\u7528\u4e8e\u5bc6\u94a5\u4ea4\u6362\uff09<\/td><td>\u2705 \u5f3a\u5236\u652f\u6301\uff08\u4e34\u65f6\u5bc6\u94a5\u9500\u6bc1\u540e\u65e0\u6cd5\u56de\u6eaf\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u6027\u80fd\u5f00\u9500<\/strong><\/td><td>\u9ad8\uff08\u957f\u5bc6\u94a5\u52a0\u89e3\u5bc6\u6162\uff0c\u59822048\u4f4d\uff09<\/td><td>\u4f4e\uff08\u77ed\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u5982256\u4f4dECC\u22483072\u4f4dRSA\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u5bc6\u94a5\u4ea4\u6362\u6d41\u7a0b<\/strong><\/td><td>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u751f\u6210\u9884\u4e3b\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u7528RSA\u516c\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u4f20\u8f93<\/td><td>\u53cc\u65b9\u4ea4\u6362\u4e34\u65f6\u516c\u94a5\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5171\u4eab\u5bc6\u94a5\uff08\u65e0\u9700\u4f20\u8f93\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u4f9d\u8d56<\/strong><\/td><td>\u5927\u6570\u5206\u89e3\u96be\u9898<\/td><td>\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u79bb\u6563\u5bf9\u6570\u95ee\u9898\uff08ECDLP\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u73b0\u4ee3\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/td><td>\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc1\u4e66\u7b7e\u540d\uff08\u5982RSA-SHA256\uff09<\/td><td>TLS 1.3\u5f3a\u5236\u7528\u4e8e\u5bc6\u94a5\u4ea4\u6362<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u4e09\u3001RSA\u4e0eECDHE\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff08\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\uff09<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <strong>\u529f\u80fd\u89d2\u8272<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>RSA<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u2022 <strong>\u5bc6\u94a5\u4ea4\u6362<\/strong>\uff08\u4f20\u7edf\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u751f\u6210\u9884\u4e3b\u5bc6\u94a5 \u2192 \u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668RSA\u516c\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6 \u2192 \u4f20\u8f93\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u5bc6\u94a5\u4ea4\u6362\u4e0e\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7ed1\u5b9a\uff09\u3002<br>\u2022 <strong>\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d<\/strong>\uff1a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8eab\u4efd\uff08\u5982\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684RSA\u7b7e\u540d\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ECDHE<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u2022 <strong>\u5bc6\u94a5\u534f\u5546<\/strong>\uff1a\u53cc\u65b9\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e34\u65f6\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u53c2\u6570\u751f\u6210\u5171\u4eab\u5bc6\u94a5\uff08\u9884\u4e3b\u5bc6\u94a5\uff09\uff0c\u4e0e\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u89e3\u8026\uff08\u9700\u989d\u5916\u7b7e\u540d\u7b97\u6cd5\u5982RSA\u6216ECDSA\uff09\u3002<br>\u2022 <strong>\u524d\u5411\u4fdd\u5bc6<\/strong>\uff1a\u6bcf\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4f7f\u7528\u72ec\u7acb\u4e34\u65f6\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u9500\u6bc1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <strong>\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>RSA\u5bc6\u94a5\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u9690\u60a3<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u2022 \u82e5\u670d\u52a1\u5668RSA\u79c1\u94a5\u6cc4\u9732\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u89e3\u5bc6\u6240\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u9884\u4e3b\u5bc6\u94a5\uff08\u65e0\u524d\u5411\u4fdd\u5bc6\uff09\u3002<br>\u2022 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c2014\u5e74\u5fc3\u810f\u51fa\u8840\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff08Heartbleed\uff09\u5bfc\u81f4\u79c1\u94a5\u6cc4\u9732\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528RSA\u5bc6\u94a5\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u636e\u5168\u76d8\u66b4\u9732\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ECDHE\u7684\u4f18\u52bf<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u2022 \u4e34\u65f6\u5bc6\u94a5\u4ec5\u5b58\u7eed\u4e8e\u5355\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bdd\uff0c\u79c1\u94a5\u6cc4\u9732\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u636e\u3002<br>\u2022 256\u4f4dECC\u5bc6\u94a5\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u22483072\u4f4dRSA\uff0c\u6297\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u66f4\u5f3a\uff08\u76ee\u524d\u6807\u51c6\u4e0b\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. <strong>\u6027\u80fd\u5dee\u5f02<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>RSA\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f00\u9500<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u2022 RSA-2048\u89e3\u5bc6\u6bd4\u52a0\u5bc6\u6162\u7ea610\u500d\uff0c\u5bc6\u94a5\u8d8a\u957f\u6027\u80fd\u8d8a\u5dee\uff08\u59824096\u4f4dRSA\u5bc6\u94a5\u63e1\u624b\u5ef6\u8fdf\u663e\u8457\uff09\u3002<br>\u2022 \u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u79fb\u52a8\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u5982\u6bcf\u79d2\u5343\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ECDHE\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u2022 \u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u8fd0\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\uff0c256\u4f4dECC\u5bc6\u94a5\u7b7e\u540d\u901f\u5ea6\u6bd4RSA-2048\u5feb\u7ea65\u500d\u3002<br>\u2022 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0cWhatsApp\u4f7f\u7528ECDHE-X25519\u5b9e\u73b0\u6bcf\u79d2\u767e\u4e07\u6b21\u5bc6\u94a5\u534f\u5546\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. <strong>\u5b9e\u9645\u914d\u7f6e\u5efa\u8bae<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7981\u7528RSA\u5bc6\u94a5\u4ea4\u6362<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  # Nginx\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\uff08\u4ec5\u5141\u8bb8ECDHE\uff09\n  ssl_ciphers 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384';\n  ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4f18\u5148\u9009\u62e9ECDSA\u8bc1\u4e66<\/strong>\uff1a<br>ECDSA\u7b7e\u540d\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u5982secp384r1\uff09\u6bd4RSA\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0eECDHE\u5929\u7136\u9002\u914d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u56db\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\u56de\u7b54\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cRSA\u548cECDHE\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u5bc6\u94a5\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5236\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>RSA<\/strong>\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u9884\u4e3b\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u4f46\u7f3a\u4e4f\u524d\u5411\u4fdd\u5bc6\uff0c\u79c1\u94a5\u6cc4\u9732\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5386\u53f2\u901a\u4fe1\u66b4\u9732\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ECDHE<\/strong>\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e34\u65f6\u692d\u5706\u66f2\u7ebf\u5bc6\u94a5\u751f\u6210\u5171\u4eab\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bdd\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u524d\u5411\u4fdd\u5bc6\u3002<br>\u6027\u80fd\u4e0a\uff0cECDHE\u5bc6\u94a5\u66f4\u77ed\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u573a\u666f\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3TLS 1.3\u5df2\u5e9f\u5f03RSA\u5bc6\u94a5\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u5f3a\u5236\u4f7f\u7528ECDHE\u7b49\u524d\u5411\u4fdd\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7ed3\u5408\u6269\u5c55\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff0c\u53ef\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4f53\u73b0\u5bf9\u534f\u8bae\u7ec6\u8282\u548c\u884c\u4e1a\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u9762\u8bd5\u8868\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Redis\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Redis \u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\u662f\u5176\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b56\u7565\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. \u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7f16\u7801\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Redis \u4e3a\u6bcf\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u591a\u79cd\u5185\u90e8\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u81ea\u52a8\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u7701\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08String\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u2022 \u666e\u901a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08RAW\u7f16\u7801\uff09\u6216\u6574\u6570\uff08INT\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u54c8\u5e0c\uff08Hash\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u2022 <strong>ziplist\uff08\u538b\u7f29\u5217\u8868\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5143\u7d20\u8f83\u5c11\u65f6\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4 <code>hash-max-ziplist-entries 512<\/code>\uff09\u4f7f\u7528\u8fde\u7eed\u5185\u5b58\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u65e0\u6307\u9488\u5f00\u9500\u3002<br>\u2022 <strong>hashtable\uff08\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5143\u7d20\u8f83\u591a\u65f6\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  # \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5b58\u50a8\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u82e5\u5b57\u6bb5\u6570 \u2264 512\u4e14\u503c\u5927\u5c0f \u2264 64\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u4f7f\u7528ziplist\n  HSET user:1000 name \"Alice\" age 30 email \"alice@example.com\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5217\u8868\uff08List\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u2022 <strong>ziplist<\/strong>\uff1a\u5143\u7d20\u5c11\u4e14\u5c0f\u503c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<br>\u2022 <strong>linkedlist\uff08\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\uff09<\/strong> \u6216 <strong>quicklist\uff083.2+\u7248\u672c\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ec4\u5408ziplist\u548c\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5e73\u8861\u5185\u5b58\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u96c6\u5408\uff08Set\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u2022 <strong>intset\uff08\u6574\u6570\u96c6\u5408\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5143\u7d20\u5168\u4e3a\u6574\u6570\u4e14\u6570\u91cf\u5c11\u65f6\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4 <code>set-max-intset-entries 512<\/code>\uff09\u3002<br>\u2022 <strong>hashtable<\/strong>\uff1a\u975e\u6574\u6570\u6216\u5143\u7d20\u8fc7\u591a\u65f6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6709\u5e8f\u96c6\u5408\uff08Sorted Set\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u2022 <strong>ziplist<\/strong>\uff1a\u5143\u7d20\u5c11\u65f6\u6309\u5206\u503c\u987a\u5e8f\u7d27\u51d1\u5b58\u50a8\u3002<br>\u2022 <strong>skiplist\uff08\u8df3\u8dc3\u8868\uff09+ hashtable<\/strong>\uff1a\u5143\u7d20\u591a\u65f6\u7ec4\u5408\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5feb\u901f\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u4e0e\u788e\u7247\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668<\/strong>\uff1a<br>Redis \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528 <strong>jemalloc<\/strong>\uff08\u800c\u975e libc\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5757\u5206\u914d\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11\u5185\u5b58\u788e\u7247\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  # \u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u65e0\u9700\u4fee\u6539\uff09\n  .\/redis-server --malloc-lib jemalloc<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u788e\u7247\u6574\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u2022 <strong>\u81ea\u52a8\u788e\u7247\u56de\u6536<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7 <code>CONFIG SET activedefrag yes<\/code> \u542f\u7528\u540e\u53f0\u788e\u7247\u6574\u7406\u3002<br>\u2022 <strong>\u624b\u52a8\u89e6\u53d1<\/strong>\uff1a\u6267\u884c <code>MEMORY PURGE<\/code>\uff08\u4f9d\u8d56jemalloc\uff09\u91ca\u653e\u672a\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. \u8fc7\u671f\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u7406\u673a\u5236<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u60f0\u6027\u5220\u9664\uff08Lazy Expire\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u8bbf\u95ee\u952e\u65f6\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u8fc7\u671f\uff0c\u82e5\u8fc7\u671f\u5219\u7acb\u5373\u5220\u9664\u3002\u907f\u514d\u4e3b\u52a8\u626b\u63cf\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u672a\u88ab\u53ca\u65f6\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5b9a\u671f\u5220\u9664\uff08Active Expire\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u6bcf\u9694 <code>100ms<\/code> \u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\uff08\u7531 <code>hz<\/code> \u914d\u7f6e\u63a7\u5236\uff09\u7684\u952e\u68c0\u67e5\u8fc7\u671f\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u6e05\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. \u5185\u5b58\u6dd8\u6c70\u7b56\u7565\uff08Eviction Policies\uff09<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u5185\u5b58\u8fbe\u5230 <code>maxmemory<\/code> \u9650\u5236\u65f6\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7b56\u7565\u6dd8\u6c70\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>volatile-lru<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ece\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u952e\u4e2d\u6dd8\u6c70\u6700\u8fd1\u6700\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\uff08LRU\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>allkeys-lru<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ece\u6240\u6709\u952e\u4e2d\u6dd8\u6c70LRU\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u7f13\u5b58\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>volatile-lfu<\/strong>\uff084.0+\uff09\uff1a\u6dd8\u6c70\u6700\u4e0d\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\uff08LFU\uff09\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u9891\u7387\u7edf\u8ba1\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>volatile-ttl<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f18\u5148\u6dd8\u6c70\u5269\u4f59\u5b58\u6d3b\u65f6\u95f4\uff08TTL\uff09\u6700\u77ed\u7684\u952e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>noeviction<\/strong>\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff09\uff1a\u7981\u6b62\u6dd8\u6c70\uff0c\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \u914d\u7f6e\u6dd8\u6c70\u7b56\u7565\uff08\u793a\u4f8b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aallkeys-lru\uff09\nCONFIG SET maxmemory-policy allkeys-lru<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5. \u5185\u5b58\u4f18\u5316\u6280\u5de7<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7f29\u77ed\u952e\u540d<\/strong>\uff1a\u952e\u540d\u5c3d\u91cf\u7b80\u77ed\uff08\u5982 <code>u:1000<\/code> \u4ee3\u66ff <code>user:1000:profile<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4f7f\u7528Hash\u4ee3\u66ff\u591a\u4e2aString<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b58\u50a8\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff0cHash\u6bd4\u591a\u4e2aString\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58\uff08\u51cf\u5c11\u952e\u5143\u6570\u636e\u5f00\u9500\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u538b\u7f29\u5b58\u50a8<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bf9\u957f\u6587\u672c\/\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u636e\u4f7f\u7528\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u538b\u7f29\uff08\u5982gzip\uff09\uff0c\u5b58\u5165Redis\u540e\u89e3\u538b\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5206\u7247\uff08Sharding\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u5927\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5206\u6563\u5230\u591a\u4e2aRedis\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5355\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5185\u5b58\u538b\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>6. \u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u8bca\u65ad\u5de5\u5177<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5185\u5b58\u7edf\u8ba1<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  INFO memory  # \u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u8be6\u60c5\uff0c\u5982\u788e\u7247\u7387\uff08mem_fragmentation_ratio\uff09\n  MEMORY USAGE key  # \u67e5\u770b\u6307\u5b9a\u952e\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5927\u952e\u5206\u6790<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u4f7f\u7528 <code>redis-cli --bigkeys<\/code> \u626b\u63cf\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u5927\u952e\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u6216\u62c6\u5206\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5185\u5b58\u6ea2\u51fa\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u82e5 <code>used_memory<\/code> \u63a5\u8fd1 <code>maxmemory<\/code>\uff0c\u8c03\u6574\u6dd8\u6c70\u7b56\u7565\u6216\u6269\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Redis \u901a\u8fc7 <strong>\u52a8\u6001\u7f16\u7801\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u9ad8\u6548\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u667a\u80fd\u6dd8\u6c70\u7b56\u7565<\/strong> \u53ca <strong>\u788e\u7247\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong> \u7b49\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5728\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5185\u5b58\u5229\u7528\u7387\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u9700\u7ed3\u5408\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u8c03\u6574 <code>maxmemory<\/code>\u3001\u6dd8\u6c70\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u666f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6392\u67e5\u6162sql<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u9762\u8bd5\u4e2d\u56de\u7b54\u5982\u4f55\u6392\u67e5\u6162SQL\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6b65\u9aa4\u8fdb\u884c\u9610\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c55\u73b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u7684\u6392\u67e5\u601d\u8def\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. \u786e\u8ba4\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u6536\u96c6\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5f00\u542f\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7<\/strong><br>\u68c0\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u662f\u5426\u5f00\u542f\uff08\u5982MySQL\u7684<code>slow_query_log<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5408\u7406\u7684\u9608\u503c\uff08<code>long_query_time<\/code>\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4ece1\u79d2\u5f00\u59cb\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u65e5\u5fd7\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5177\u4f53\u662f\u54ea\u4e9bSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u6267\u884c\u7f13\u6162\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177<\/strong><br>\u5229\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u89e3\u6790\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<br>\u2022 <code>mysqldumpslow<\/code>\uff08MySQL\u5185\u7f6e\uff09\u3002<br>\u2022 <code>pt-query-digest<\/code>\uff08Percona Toolkit\uff09\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u62a5\u544a\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u9891\u7387\u9ad8\u7684SQL\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \u5206\u6790SQL\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4f7f\u7528<code>EXPLAIN<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4<\/strong><br>\u5bf9\u76ee\u6807SQL\u6267\u884c<code>EXPLAIN<\/code>\u6216<code>EXPLAIN FORMAT=JSON<\/code>\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a<br>\u2022 <strong>type<\/strong>\uff1a\u626b\u63cf\u7c7b\u578b\uff08ALL\u5168\u8868\u626b\u63cf\u9700\u4f18\u5316\uff09\u3002<br>\u2022 <strong>key<\/strong>\uff1a\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<br>\u2022 <strong>rows<\/strong>\uff1a\u9884\u4f30\u626b\u63cf\u884c\u6570\u3002<br>\u2022 <strong>Extra<\/strong>\uff1a\u989d\u5916\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u5982<code>Using temporary<\/code>\u3001<code>Using filesort<\/code>\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u4f18\u5316\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7d22\u5f15\u6709\u6548\u6027\u68c0\u67e5<\/strong><br>\u2022 \u786e\u8ba4\u67e5\u8be2\u6761\u4ef6\u5b57\u6bb5\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5408\u9002\u7d22\u5f15\uff08<code>SHOW INDEX FROM table<\/code>\uff09\u3002<br>\u2022 \u68c0\u67e5\u7d22\u5f15\u9009\u62e9\u6027\uff08\u533a\u5206\u5ea6\u4f4e\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5982\u6027\u522b\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u6548\u679c\u5dee\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. \u68c0\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u76d1\u63a7\u5b9e\u65f6\u8d1f\u8f7d<\/strong><br>\u2022 <code>SHOW FULL PROCESSLIST<\/code>\uff1a\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u662f\u5426\u6709\u963b\u585e\uff08\u5982\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6216\u9501\u7b49\u5f85\uff09\u3002<br>\u2022 <code>SHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS<\/code>\uff1a\u5206\u6790InnoDB\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u9501\u7ade\u4e89\u6216\u6b7b\u9501\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d44\u6e90\u74f6\u9888<\/strong><br>\u2022 <strong>CPU\/\u5185\u5b58<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7<code>top<\/code>\u3001<code>htop<\/code>\u786e\u8ba4\u662f\u5426\u8d44\u6e90\u9971\u548c\u3002<br>\u2022 <strong>\u78c1\u76d8IO<\/strong>\uff1a\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982<code>iostat<\/code>\uff09\u786e\u8ba4\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u9ad8IO\u7b49\u5f85\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. \u4f18\u5316SQL\u4e0e\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u91cd\u5199SQL\u8bed\u53e5<\/strong><br>\u2022 \u907f\u514d<code>SELECT *<\/code>\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<br>\u2022 \u62c6\u5206\u590d\u6742\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\u6216JOIN\uff08\u5982\u6539\u7528INNER JOIN\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u5173\u8054\u5b57\u6bb5\u6709\u7d22\u5f15\uff09\u3002<br>\u2022 \u5206\u9875\u4f18\u5316\uff1a\u907f\u514d\u5927OFFSET\uff0c\u6539\u7528<code>WHERE id &gt; {last_id}<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7d22\u5f15\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><br>\u2022 \u6dfb\u52a0\u7f3a\u5931\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u8054\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6700\u5de6\u5339\u914d\u539f\u5219\u3002<br>\u2022 \u5220\u9664\u5197\u4f59\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u5f00\u9500\u3002<br>\u2022 \u5904\u7406\u7d22\u5f15\u5931\u6548\u573a\u666f\uff08\u5982\u9690\u5f0f\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b57\u6bb5\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5. \u68c0\u67e5\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u914d\u7f6e\u8c03\u4f18<\/strong><br>\u2022 \u786e\u8ba4<code>innodb_buffer_pool_size<\/code>\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u591f\u5927\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u8bbe\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u768470-80%\uff09\u3002<br>\u2022 \u8c03\u6574\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\uff08<code>max_connections<\/code>\u907f\u514d\u8fc7\u9ad8\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d44\u6e90\u4e89\u62a2\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u66f4\u65b0\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><br>\u4f7f\u7528<code>ANALYZE TABLE<\/code>\u66f4\u65b0\u8868\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4f18\u5316\u5668\u751f\u6210\u9ad8\u6548\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>6. \u67b6\u6784\u4e0e\u4e1a\u52a1\u5c42\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7f13\u5b58\u4e0e\u8bfb\u5199\u5206\u79bb<\/strong><br>\u2022 \u5f15\u5165\u7f13\u5b58\uff08\u5982Redis\uff09\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u91cd\u590d\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<br>\u2022 \u8bfb\u5199\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u5206\u6563\u4e3b\u5e93\u538b\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5206\u5e93\u5206\u8868<\/strong><br>\u9488\u5bf9\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8868\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u6c34\u5e73\u62c6\u5206\u6216\u6309\u65f6\u95f4\u5f52\u6863\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>7. \u590d\u9a8c\u4e0e\u6301\u7eed\u76d1\u63a7<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4f18\u5316\u6548\u679c<\/strong><br>\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884cSQL\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u662f\u5426\u8fbe\u5230\u9884\u671f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5efa\u7acb\u76d1\u63a7\u544a\u8b66<\/strong><br>\u4f7f\u7528Prometheus+Grafana\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u9608\u503c\u544a\u8b66\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u603b\u7ed3\u56de\u7b54\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c\u6392\u67e5\u6162SQL\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u9996\u5148\u901a\u8fc7\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u5b9a\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898SQL\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408<code>EXPLAIN<\/code>\u5206\u6790\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u7d22\u5f15\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u89c2\u5bdf\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b9e\u65f6\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u9501\u7ade\u4e89\u6216\u786c\u4ef6\u74f6\u9888\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u4f18\u5316SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u6216\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u8c03\u6574\u914d\u7f6e\u6216\u5f15\u5165\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u5206\u5e93\u5206\u8868\u7b49\u67b6\u6784\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u6700\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u76d1\u63a7\u786e\u4fdd\u4f18\u5316\u6548\u679c\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u5730\u8986\u76d6\u6162SQL\u6392\u67e5\u7684\u5173\u952e\u70b9\uff0c\u5c55\u73b0\u5168\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6392\u67e5OutOfMemory\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6392\u67e5OutOfMemory\uff08OOM\uff09\u95ee\u9898\u9700\u8981\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5730\u5206\u6790\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u5e76\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u6307\u5357\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. \u786e\u8ba4OOM\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u5806\u6808<\/strong><br>\u2022 \u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u54ea\u79cdOOM\u9519\u8bef\uff08\u4f8b\u5982Java\u4e2d\u7684<code>OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space<\/code>\u6216<code>OutOfMemoryError: Metaspace<\/code>\uff09\u3002<br>\u2022 \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4f4d\u7f6e\u89e6\u53d1\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u533a\u5206\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df<\/strong><br>\u2022 <strong>\u5806\u5185\u5b58\uff08Heap\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\u57df\u3002<br>\u2022 <strong>\u975e\u5806\u5185\u5b58\uff08Non-Heap\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u5143\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08Metaspace\uff09\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6808\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u5185\u5b58\uff08Direct Buffer\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u5206\u6790\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177<\/strong><br>\u2022 <strong>JVM<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528<code>jstat<\/code>\u3001<code>jconsole<\/code>\u3001<code>VisualVM<\/code>\u6216<code>Prometheus + Grafana<\/code>\u76d1\u63a7\u5806\/\u975e\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u53d8\u5316\u3002<br>\u2022 <strong>\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7<\/strong>\uff1a<code>top<\/code>\u3001<code>htop<\/code>\u3001<code>vmstat<\/code>\u89c2\u5bdf\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u751f\u6210\u548c\u5206\u6790\u5806\u8f6c\u50a8\uff08Heap Dump\uff09<\/strong><br>\u2022 \u901a\u8fc7JVM\u53c2\u6570\uff08<code>-XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError<\/code>\uff09\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u5806\u8f6c\u50a8\u3002<br>\u2022 \u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982Eclipse MAT\u3001JProfiler\uff09\u5206\u6790\u5806\u8f6c\u50a8\uff0c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u6216\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. \u68c0\u67e5\u5185\u5b58\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>JVM\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u4f18<\/strong><br>\u2022 <strong>\u5806\u5185\u5b58<\/strong>\uff1a\u8c03\u6574<code>-Xmx<\/code>\uff08\u6700\u5927\u5806\uff09\u548c<code>-Xms<\/code>\uff08\u521d\u59cb\u5806\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a <code>java -Xmx4g -Xms4g -jar app.jar<\/code> \u2022 <strong>\u5143\u7a7a\u95f4<\/strong>\uff1a\u8c03\u6574<code>-XX:MetaspaceSize<\/code>\u548c<code>-XX:MaxMetaspaceSize<\/code>\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u65e0\u9650\u5236\uff09\u3002<br>\u2022 <strong>\u76f4\u63a5\u5185\u5b58<\/strong>\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5<code>-XX:MaxDirectMemorySize<\/code>\uff08NIO\u4f7f\u7528\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5bb9\u5668\u73af\u5883\uff08\u5982Docker\/K8s\uff09<\/strong><br>\u2022 \u786e\u8ba4\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u9650\u5236\uff08<code>--memory<\/code>\uff09\u662f\u5426\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5bb9\u5668\u56e0\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\u88abOOM Killer\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. \u5b9a\u4f4d\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5206\u6790\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f15\u7528\u94fe<\/strong><br>\u2022 \u5728\u5806\u8f6c\u50a8\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u5982<code>char[]<\/code>\u3001<code>HashMap$Node<\/code>\u7b49\uff09\u3002<br>\u2022 \u67e5\u770b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684GC Root\u5f15\u7528\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u662f\u5426\u6709\u9884\u671f\u5916\u7684\u5f3a\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u5982\u9759\u6001\u96c6\u5408\u7c7b\u7f13\u5b58\u672a\u6e05\u7406\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4ee3\u7801\u5ba1\u67e5<\/strong><br>\u2022 \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u6709\u672a\u5173\u95ed\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff08\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41\uff09\u3002<br>\u2022 \u907f\u514d\u9759\u6001\u96c6\u5408\u7c7b\u65e0\u9650\u589e\u957f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5168\u5c40\u7f13\u5b58\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fc7\u671f\u7b56\u7565\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><br>\u2022 \u5347\u7ea7\u5b58\u5728\u5df2\u77e5\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5e93\u7248\u672c\u3002<br>\u2022 \u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982Java Agent\uff09\u8ddf\u8e2a\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5. \u4f18\u5316\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u8c61\u521b\u5efa<\/strong><br>\u2022 \u590d\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u5982\u5bf9\u8c61\u6c60\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002<br>\u2022 \u907f\u514d\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u9891\u7e41\u521b\u5efa\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u5982\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u62fc\u63a5\u6539\u7528<code>StringBuilder<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8c03\u6574\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u8f7d\u7b56\u7565<\/strong><br>\u2022 \u5206\u9875\u8bfb\u53d6\u5927\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u3002<br>\u2022 \u4f7f\u7528\u6d41\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\uff08Streaming\uff09\u66ff\u4ee3\u5168\u91cf\u7f13\u5b58\uff08\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u9010\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4f18\u5316\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><br>\u2022 \u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u5982<code>Trove<\/code>\u5e93\u66ff\u4ee3JDK\u96c6\u5408\uff09\u3002<br>\u2022 \u538b\u7f29\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5982\u4f7f\u7528<code>byte[]<\/code>\u66ff\u4ee3\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>6. \u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\uff08GC\uff09\u8c03\u4f18<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684GC\u7b97\u6cd5<\/strong><br>\u2022 \u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u573a\u666f\uff1aG1 GC\uff08<code>-XX:+UseG1GC<\/code>\uff09\u6216ZGC\uff08<code>-XX:+UseZGC<\/code>\uff09\u3002<br>\u2022 \u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u573a\u666f\uff1aParallel GC\uff08<code>-XX:+UseParallelGC<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8c03\u6574GC\u53c2\u6570<\/strong><br>\u2022 \u589e\u5927\u65b0\u751f\u4ee3\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff08<code>-XX:NewRatio<\/code>\uff09\u3002<br>\u2022 \u8c03\u6574GC\u89e6\u53d1\u9608\u503c\uff08\u5982<code>-XX:InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent<\/code>\uff09\u3002<br>\u2022 \u542f\u7528GC\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\uff08<code>-Xlog:gc*<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>7. \u975e\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u6392\u67e5<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5143\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08Metaspace\uff09\u6ea2\u51fa<\/strong><br>\u2022 \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u52a8\u6001\u751f\u6210\u5927\u91cf\u7c7b\uff08\u5982\u53cd\u5c04\u3001CGLIB\u4ee3\u7406\uff09\u3002<br>\u2022 \u8c03\u6574<code>-XX:MaxMetaspaceSize<\/code>\u5e76\u76d1\u63a7\u7c7b\u52a0\u8f7d\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u76f4\u63a5\u5185\u5b58\u6ea2\u51fa<\/strong><br>\u2022 \u6392\u67e5NIO\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u5982<code>ByteBuffer.allocateDirect()<\/code>\uff09\u662f\u5426\u672a\u91ca\u653e\u3002<br>\u2022 \u4f7f\u7528<code>-XX:MaxDirectMemorySize<\/code>\u9650\u5236\u76f4\u63a5\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6808\u6ea2\u51fa<\/strong><br>\u2022 \u68c0\u67e5\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\u662f\u5426\u8fc7\u591a\uff08<code>jstack<\/code>\u67e5\u770b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\uff09\u3002<br>\u2022 \u8c03\u6574\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6808\u5927\u5c0f\uff08<code>-Xss<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8c28\u614e\u907f\u514d\u5185\u5b58\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>8. \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u67b6\u6784\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u67b6\u6784<\/strong><br>\u2022 \u62c6\u5206\u5355\u4f53\u5e94\u7528\u4e3a\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5206\u6563\u5185\u5b58\u538b\u529b\u3002<br>\u2022 \u4f7f\u7528\u5916\u90e8\u7f13\u5b58\uff08\u5982Redis\uff09\u66ff\u4ee3\u672c\u5730\u7f13\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9650\u6d41\u4e0e\u964d\u7ea7<\/strong><br>\u2022 \u901a\u8fc7\u7194\u65ad\u673a\u5236\uff08\u5982Hystrix\uff09\u9632\u6b62\u7a81\u53d1\u6d41\u91cf\u538b\u57ae\u670d\u52a1\u3002<br>\u2022 \u9650\u5236\u5927\u67e5\u8be2\u6216\u6279\u91cf\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>9. \u590d\u73b0\u4e0e\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u538b\u529b\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong><br>\u2022 \u4f7f\u7528JMeter\u3001Gatling\u6a21\u62df\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<br>\u2022 \u5bf9\u6bd4\u4f18\u5316\u524d\u540e\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6d88\u8017\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6301\u7eed\u76d1\u63a7<\/strong><br>\u2022 \u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u90e8\u7f72APM\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982SkyWalking\u3001New Relic\uff09\u5b9e\u65f6\u8ddf\u8e2a\u5185\u5b58\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u603b\u7ed3\u56de\u7b54\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c\u6392\u67e5OOM\u95ee\u9898\u9700\u8981\u7ed3\u5408\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u3001\u5806\u8f6c\u50a8\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u76d1\u63a7\u3002\u9996\u5148\u786e\u8ba4\u662f\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u8fd8\u662f\u975e\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u6ea2\u51fa\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5de5\u5177\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u6216\u6cc4\u6f0f\u70b9\u3002\u68c0\u67e5JVM\u914d\u7f6e\u662f\u5426\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u51cf\u5c11\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u8c03\u6574GC\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5bb9\u5668\u73af\u5883\u9700\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8d44\u6e90\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u67b6\u6784\u4e0a\u53ef\u5f15\u5165\u7f13\u5b58\u548c\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u65b9\u6848\u964d\u4f4e\u5355\u8282\u70b9\u538b\u529b\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u5730\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5e76\u89e3\u51b3OOM\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5e94\u7528\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u624b\u6495\uff1a\u4e24\u4e24\u4ea4\u6362\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/\/\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f53\u65f6\u8fb9\u754c\u5224\u65ad\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u865a\u62df\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u4e24\u4e24\u4ea4\u6362\u540e\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u3002\n\npublic ListNode swapPairs(ListNode head) {\n        ListNode dummyHead = new ListNode(0);\n        dummyHead.next=head;\n       ListNode temp=dummyHead;\n        while(temp.next!=null&amp;&amp;temp.next.next!=null){\n            ListNode node1=temp.next;\n            ListNode node2=temp.next.next;\n            ListNode temp1=node2.next;\n            temp.next=node2;\n            temp.next.next=node1;\n            temp.next.next.next=temp1;\n            temp=node1;\n        }\n        return dummyHead.next;\n    }\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">using tempetory \u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u6392\u67e5\u6162SQL\u65f6\uff0c\u82e5\u901a\u8fc7<code>EXPLAIN<\/code>\u53d1\u73b0<code>Extra<\/code>\u5b57\u6bb5\u663e\u793a<strong>Using temporary<\/strong>\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u8be5\u67e5\u8be2\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u5982\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5206\u7ec4\u6216\u8fde\u63a5\uff09\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f18\u5316\u6b64\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u601d\u8def\u53ca\u5177\u4f53\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. \u786e\u8ba4\u95ee\u9898\u539f\u56e0<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u89e6\u53d1\u573a\u666f<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u2022 <code>GROUP BY<\/code>\u548c<code>ORDER BY<\/code>\u7684\u5217\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u6216\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<br>\u2022 <code>DISTINCT<\/code>\u3001<code>UNION<\/code>\u6216\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e2d\u95f4\u7ed3\u679c\u5b58\u50a8\u3002<br>\u2022 \u590d\u6742\u7684<code>JOIN<\/code>\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u5982\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u4e0e\u5b9e\u65bd\u6b65\u9aa4<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>(1) \u4f18\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7edf\u4e00<code>GROUP BY<\/code>\u548c<code>ORDER BY<\/code>\u7684\u5217<\/strong><br>\u82e5\u4e24\u8005\u5217\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0cMySQL\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u5148\u5206\u7ec4\u518d\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u3002<br><strong>\u4f18\u5316\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  -- \u539f\u67e5\u8be2\uff08GROUP BY\u548cORDER BY\u5217\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff09\n  SELECT category_id, SUM(amount) \n  FROM orders \n  GROUP BY category_id \n  ORDER BY created_at;\n\n  -- \u4f18\u5316\u540e\uff1a\u7edf\u4e00\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u5206\u7ec4\u5217\uff08\u6216\u79fb\u9664\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\uff09\n  SELECT category_id, SUM(amount) \n  FROM orders \n  GROUP BY category_id \n  ORDER BY category_id;  -- \u6216\u5220\u9664ORDER BY<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u907f\u514d\u975e\u5fc5\u8981\u7684<code>DISTINCT<\/code>\u6216<code>UNION<\/code><\/strong><br>\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u5199\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e2d\u95f4\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>(2) \u6dfb\u52a0\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4e3a<code>GROUP BY<\/code>\/<code>ORDER BY<\/code>\/<code>JOIN<\/code>\u5217\u521b\u5efa\u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong><br>\u4f7f\u64cd\u4f5c\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u3002<br><strong>\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  -- \u539f\u67e5\u8be2\uff08\u65e0\u7d22\u5f15\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\uff09\n  SELECT user_id, COUNT(*) \n  FROM logs \n  GROUP BY user_id;\n\n  -- \u6dfb\u52a0\u7d22\u5f15\u4f18\u5316\n  ALTER TABLE logs ADD INDEX idx_user_id (user_id);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4f7f\u7528\u8986\u76d6\u7d22\u5f15\uff08Covering Index\uff09<\/strong><br>\u7d22\u5f15\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u56de\u8868\u3002<br><strong>\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  -- \u67e5\u8be2\u9700\u8981user_id\u548camount\u5b57\u6bb5\n  SELECT user_id, SUM(amount) \n  FROM orders \n  GROUP BY user_id;\n\n  -- \u521b\u5efa\u8986\u76d6\u7d22\u5f15\n  ALTER TABLE orders ADD INDEX idx_user_amount (user_id, amount);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>(3) \u8c03\u6574\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u589e\u5927\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u5185\u5b58\u9608\u503c<\/strong><br>\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574<code>tmp_table_size<\/code>\u548c<code>max_heap_table_size<\/code>\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u5c3d\u91cf\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002<br><strong>\u914d\u7f6e\u5efa\u8bae<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  tmp_table_size = 64M\n  max_heap_table_size = 64M<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u76d1\u63a7\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5<\/strong><br>\u6267\u884c<code>SHOW GLOBAL STATUS LIKE 'Created_tmp_%tables';<\/code>\uff0c\u82e5<code>Created_tmp_disk_tables<\/code>\u503c\u8fc7\u9ad8\uff0c\u9700\u4f18\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u6216\u589e\u52a0\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>(4) \u91cd\u5199\u590d\u6742\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\u6216JOIN<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5c06\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aJOIN<\/strong><br>\u51cf\u5c11\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u7684\u751f\u6210\u3002<br><strong>\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  -- \u539f\u67e5\u8be2\uff08\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\uff09\n  SELECT * \n  FROM users \n  WHERE id IN (SELECT user_id FROM orders WHERE amount &gt; 100);\n\n  -- \u4f18\u5316\u4e3aJOIN\n  SELECT users.* \n  FROM users \n  JOIN orders ON users.id = orders.user_id \n  WHERE orders.amount &gt; 100 \n  GROUP BY users.id;  -- \u53bb\u91cd<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4f7f\u7528\u6d3e\u751f\u8868\uff08Derived Table\uff09\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><br>\u7ed3\u5408\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u5206\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u95f4\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>(5) \u51cf\u5c11\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4ec5\u9009\u62e9\u5fc5\u8981\u5b57\u6bb5<\/strong><br>\u907f\u514d<code>SELECT *<\/code>\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u3002<br><strong>\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  -- \u539f\u67e5\u8be2\n  SELECT * \n  FROM orders \n  GROUP BY user_id;\n\n  -- \u4f18\u5316\u540e\uff1a\u4ec5\u9009\u62e9\u5fc5\u8981\u5b57\u6bb5\n  SELECT user_id, COUNT(*) \n  FROM orders \n  GROUP BY user_id;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. \u9a8c\u8bc1\u4f18\u5316\u6548\u679c<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c<code>EXPLAIN<\/code><\/strong><br>\u68c0\u67e5<code>Extra<\/code>\u5b57\u6bb5\u662f\u5426\u6d88\u9664<code>Using temporary<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u89c2\u5bdf\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd<\/strong><br>\u901a\u8fc7<code>SHOW PROFILES<\/code>\u6216\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u786e\u8ba4\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u51cf\u5c11\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. \u9762\u8bd5\u56de\u7b54\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u56de\u7b54\u601d\u8def<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5b9a\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7<code>EXPLAIN<\/code>\u53d1\u73b0<code>Using temporary<\/code>\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u67e5\u8be2\u9700\u521b\u5efa\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5206\u6790\u539f\u56e0<\/strong>\uff1a\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u672a\u7d22\u5f15\u7684<code>GROUP BY<\/code>\/<code>ORDER BY<\/code>\u3001\u590d\u6742\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\u6216<code>JOIN<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4f18\u5316\u6b65\u9aa4<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u2022 \u4f18\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7edf\u4e00<code>GROUP BY<\/code>\u548c<code>ORDER BY<\/code>\u5217\u3002<br>\u2022 \u6dfb\u52a0\u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u6216\u8986\u76d6\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<br>\u2022 \u8c03\u6574<code>tmp_table_size<\/code>\u63d0\u5347\u5185\u5b58\u5229\u7528\u7387\u3002<br>\u2022 \u91cd\u5199\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\u4e3a<code>JOIN<\/code>\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e2d\u95f4\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6548\u679c<\/strong>\uff1a\u91cd\u65b0<code>EXPLAIN<\/code>\u5e76\u76d1\u63a7\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u793a\u4f8b\u56de\u7b54<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u201c\u5f53\u53d1\u73b0<code>EXPLAIN<\/code>\u7684<code>Extra<\/code>\u5b57\u6bb5\u6709<code>Using temporary<\/code>\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u9996\u5148\u68c0\u67e5\u67e5\u8be2\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u6709<code>GROUP BY<\/code>\u6216<code>ORDER BY<\/code>\u672a\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u590d\u6742\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u82e5<code>GROUP BY<\/code>\u548c<code>ORDER BY<\/code>\u5217\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u521b\u5efa\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5217\u6dfb\u52a0\u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4f7f\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u5206\u7ec4\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u5b8c\u6210\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8c03\u6574\u67e5\u8be2\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u7edf\u4e00<code>GROUP BY<\/code>\u548c<code>ORDER BY<\/code>\u5217\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u82e5\u65e0\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\uff0c\u589e\u5927<code>tmp_table_size<\/code>\u8ba9\u66f4\u591a\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u5b58\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u3002<br>\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u91cd\u5199\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\u4e3a<code>JOIN<\/code>\u6216\u51cf\u5c11<code>SELECT<\/code>\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e5f\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u964d\u4f4e\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u3002\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f18\u5316\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f<strong>\u51cf\u5c11\u4e2d\u95f4\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf<\/strong>\u548c<strong>\u907f\u514d\u78c1\u76d8I\/O<\/strong>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u4f18\u5316\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u91cd\u6784\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u53ef\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u9700\u7ed3\u5408<code>EXPLAIN<\/code>\u7ed3\u679c\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e1a\u52a1\u573a\u666f\u7075\u6d3b\u9009\u62e9\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">redis\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u673a\u5236<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Redis \u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u673a\u5236\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u6253\u5305\u3001\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u6267\u884c\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5982 MySQL\uff09\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cRedis \u7684\u4e8b\u52a1<strong>\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u56de\u6eda\uff08Rollback\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e14\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5\u66f4\u504f\u5411\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f Redis \u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u5236\u548c\u5173\u952e\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <strong>\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6d41\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Redis \u4e8b\u52a1\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code>MULTI<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u6807\u8bb0\u4e8b\u52a1\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u8fdb\u5165\u961f\u5217\uff08\u4f46\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>EXEC<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u4e8b\u52a1\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>DISCARD<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u53d6\u6d88\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u6e05\u7a7a\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>MULTI          -- \u5f00\u59cb\u4e8b\u52a1\nSET key1 \"A\"   -- \u547d\u4ee4\u5165\u961f\nSET key2 \"B\"   -- \u547d\u4ee4\u5165\u961f\nEXEC           -- \u6267\u884c\u4e8b\u52a1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <strong>\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u6267\u884c\u539f\u5b50\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u5728 <code>EXEC<\/code> \u65f6\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u547d\u4ee4\u6253\u65ad\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a<br>\u2022 <strong>\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef<\/strong>\uff08\u5982\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff09\uff1a\u5728 <code>EXEC<\/code> \u6267\u884c\u524d\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u62a5\u9519\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u3002<br>\u2022 <strong>\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u9519\u8bef<\/strong>\uff08\u5982\u5bf9\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6267\u884c <code>INCR<\/code>\uff09\uff1a\u9519\u8bef\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u7eed\u547d\u4ee4\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\uff0c<strong>\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56de\u6eda<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>MULTI\nSET key1 \"Hello\"\nINCR key1      -- \u5bf9\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6267\u884c INCR \u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\nSET key2 \"World\"\nEXEC\n-- \u7ed3\u679c\uff1akey1 \u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a \"Hello\"\uff0ckey2 \u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a \"World\"\uff0cINCR \u5931\u8d25\u4f46\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. <strong>\u4e50\u89c2\u9501\uff08WATCH\uff09<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code>WATCH<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u76d1\u63a7\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u952e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\u524d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u952e\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u5219\u4e8b\u52a1\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\uff08\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e50\u89c2\u9501\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>UNWATCH<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u53d6\u6d88\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u952e\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u4e8b\u52a1\u6267\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u952e\u672a\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\uff08\u5982\u4f59\u989d\u6263\u51cf\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>WATCH balance         -- \u76d1\u63a7 balance \u952e\nMULTI\nDECRBY balance 100    -- \u6263\u51cf\u4f59\u989d\nINCRBY debt 100       -- \u589e\u52a0\u503a\u52a1\nEXEC                  -- \u5982\u679c balance \u5728 WATCH \u540e\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5931\u8d25<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. <strong>\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u7279\u70b9<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u65e0\u9694\u79bb\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5728 <code>EXEC<\/code> \u524d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b9e\u9645\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u952e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6279\u91cf\u6267\u884c<\/strong>\uff1a\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u6279\u91cf\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u56de\u6eda<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u54f2\u5b66\u662f\u201c\u4fdd\u6301\u7b80\u5355\u9ad8\u6548\u201d\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u7531\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u81ea\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. <strong>\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6279\u91cf\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u5982\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u636e\u3001\u6279\u91cf\u66f4\u65b0\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7ed3\u5408 <code>WATCH<\/code> \u5b9e\u73b0\u7b80\u5355\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\uff08\u5982\u5e93\u5b58\u6263\u51cf\u3001\u62a2\u8d2d\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. <strong>\u4e0e Pipeline \u7684\u533a\u522b<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4e8b\u52a1<\/strong>\uff1a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u539f\u5b50\u6027\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u4e00\u8d77\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pipeline<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u6253\u5305\u53d1\u9001\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u7f51\u7edc\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Redis \u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u673a\u5236\u901a\u8fc7 <code>MULTI\/EXEC<\/code> \u5b9e\u73b0\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6279\u91cf\u539f\u5b50\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u7f3a\u4e4f\u56de\u6eda\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u9700\u7ed3\u5408 <code>WATCH<\/code> \u5b9e\u73b0\u4e50\u89c2\u9501\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5b83\u9002\u5408\u7b80\u5355\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u6279\u91cf\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u4e8b\u52a1\u9700\u4f9d\u8d56\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u903b\u8f91\u8865\u507f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8c79\u8da3\u79d1\u6280<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5de5\u7a0b\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u770b\u6cd5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u817e\u8baf\u6691\u671f\u4e00\u9762\u51c9\u7ecf tcp\u6162\u542f\u52a8\u9608\u503c\u786e\u5b9a \u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u5e94\u8be5\u7531\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6839\u636eRFC\u5efa\u8bae\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u65e0\u9650\u5927\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9996\u6b21\u4e22\u5305 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-483","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.zackzzp.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/483","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.zackzzp.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.zackzzp.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.zackzzp.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.zackzzp.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=483"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"http:\/\/www.zackzzp.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/483\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":508,"href":"http:\/\/www.zackzzp.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/483\/revisions\/508"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.zackzzp.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=483"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.zackzzp.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=483"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.zackzzp.top\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=483"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}